Power system-Quick Navigation
Definition of Power system:-
The Power system plays an important role in the electrical area. It is a power network which made up of the three most important component. This network build by Power generating station, high voltage Transmission substation, distribution substation.This system uses various types of fuel in the power plant and fuel transform in electric power in generating stations. This generated power forward by the power grid which is connected between power generating station to power transmission substation and Power transmission substation to power distribution substation.
Finally, Power networks starting from power generating stations and network link up to end-users of the electricity.
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| Power system Architecture credit:https://www.researchgate.net/ |
There are various types of elements connected with the power network. This component plays an important role in the control of various types of parameter in the power system. May include generator( alternator), power conductor, transmission pole, power transformer( voltage step-up and voltage step down), circuit breaker, wave-trapper, line breaker, low voltage, and high voltage fault detector, PLCC, etc.
From the above element generator, transformer, circuit breaker main element of the power grid. Above all elements play a vital role. These are the basis of the power system.
So next we learn about components of the power system and It's the various element.
Component of the Power system:-
Component of Power system also known as Architecture of power system. Mainly power system component build by Electrical machine and switch gear.
The component of the power system is mainly classified into three-part. These components are available below.
1). Power Generating Station( Power plant)
2). High voltage transmission substation ( transmission line )
3). Distribution substation( distribution line)
If you want to learn more post then click on
- tapping in transformer:
- What is Power blackout:
- Electrical machine & types :
- Power system protection device:
- Artificial Intelligence in Power plant: click here
Next, We learn about components of the power system and It's the main goal in detail.
1) Power Generating Station :-
It is the starting component of the Power network. This is also known as a power station, power plant. In power plant various types of fuel fed on the turbine and turbine rotate.This turbine coupled with a generator or coupled with parallel of generator. When the turbine rotates at that time coupled generator also rotate with them. So this way electricity generated in power plants. |
| Power generating station |
There is various way to generate electricity. So every generating station required different types of fuel. May include Diesel diesel-based power plant, water for Hydro power plant, wind for the windmill, Solar ray for solar power plant, coal for thermal power plant, natural gas, nuclear for nuclear-based power plant, etc.
The generator is playing an important role in the power plant. It works on the Electromagnetic induction principle.
Which is transform mechanical energy into electrical energy by using various types of fuel.
Generally, the generator produces 11 kV to 25 kV, Which is step up or Stepdown based on long distance.
This generated voltage step up or step down by using the power transformer. The transformer transfer power with high efficiency by changing different voltage level.
If the user location is very far from generating station then step-up transformer step-up voltage and transmit over a long distance. Due to this reason, it reduces power losses in the transmission line.
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High voltage transmission line also useful for carry data. This happen by using wave trapper at the starting of the substation. In some grid optical cable also included in stranded conductor.
If the user location is very far from generating station then step-up transformer step-up voltage and transmit over a long distance. Due to this reason, it reduces power losses in the transmission line.
2) High Voltage Transmission Substation :-
The high voltage transmitted from power plant to electrical substation. This line known as transmission line and this type of substation known as high voltage transmission substation. In this section various type of power station are connected with synchronize transmission line. It is referred to power grid.
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| High voltage substaion Credit:Shuterstock.com |
There are various type of transmission facilities used for transmit power over long distance. May include Three phase ac voltage , HVDC is use for higher efficiency over long distance and single phase ac for railway.
Transmission line classified based on use of voltage in industry. 1) Primary Transmission line . 2) Secondary Transmission line. Heavy industries uses vary high voltage. These are comes in secondary transmission line.
In this line Electricity transmitted at high voltage range 66 kv or above. Due to this reasons reduce power losses and increase the stability in the grid.
In transmission line voltage transmit range between 66 kv to 765 kv till now. This voltage not generated at power station but It step up by Power transformer and transmitted over long distance. In World maximum voltage used in chine (800 kv) , this grid system developed upto 1120 kv.
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| Transmission line pole |
Transmission substation consist by various type of element , may include Power transformer , PLCC , wave trapper, circuit breaker, Line break circuit , lv and hv transducer , battery backup, capacitor bank, etc.
Two way electricity transmitted in modern day: One is overhead transmission line and second is underground transmission line. From that most affordable is overhead transmission line. The installation cost of underground transmission line is very high and it's have some operation limitation but It widely use in urban area.
Overhead Transmission line and underground transmission line has some advantages and disadvantages based on various factor. May include over head line conductor are not have insulation where power losses high and Underground transmission line conductor have insulation this is advantage of underground transmission line.
Protection device protect various high costly equipment in the power plant and Transmission line substation. It is fitted At interconnection of the high voltage transmission line and power generating plant. If suddenly power demand increase or decrease then protection device isolate both section.
If imbalance type condition occurs then these may lead major blackout and regional power blackout. So mitigate this type of condition we use artificial based intelligent scada system. Reduce these type of major lead event by interconnect different redundant power grid with regional or national power grid.
In modern power system SCADA play important role. We can see all parameter data at scada control room. They give us power demand forecasting functionality based on previous data, various electrical parameter monitoring, grid on off functionality, Fault report , All data send within seconds. This work based on wireless tcp/Ip or serial protocol. Serially fetch data from protection relay and meter and then ALL data send via wireless M2M gateway and on virtual privet network.
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| SCADA FOR POWER SYSTEM credit:https://www.researchgate.net/ |
High voltage transmission line also useful for carry data. This happen by using wave trapper at the starting of the substation. In some grid optical cable also included in stranded conductor.
3) Power Distribution substation:-
The power distribution substation known as low voltage substation. Secondary transmission line also connected with Distribution substation.
The main purpose of the power distribution line is to forward power from transmission line to various local area for different purposes. power distribution line carries low voltage from power distribution substation to end user and commercial use. In this substation high voltage caught from transmission line and then step down voltage by Step down transformer. After step down The voltage range between 2kv to 35 kv.
The power distribution substation also classified based on voltage use. 1) Primary power distribution line. 2) secondary power distribution line. In primary distribution line voltage utilized by industrial equipment , lighting, etc. At the end of primary transmission line voltage reduced by transformer and this line known as secondary distribution line. This voltage use for commercial purpose , residential use ,etc. If customer demanding will high then this may directly connected with primary distribution line.
In this section mainly power distributed by two way. 1) underground distribution line. 2) overhead distribution line. Underground distribution line mainly use in urban area. In this section voltage range 4kv to 33 kv. Overhead distribution line mainly use in rural area. In this section voltage range 240 v or 440 v. It's based on country wise. In india residential customer use 240V and in america residential customer use 120 V.
There are various types of equipment operate by secondary distribution voltage. May include oven, tube light, home appliances, heater, washing machine, Electric car charging, single phase motor , Three phase motor , etc.
Above all component are important in the power system. In this article we learn detail about power system and component of power system. If you have any query related to this topic then without hesitate do comment and give suggestion for article improvement.
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